Optimization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Concentration for Enhanced Growth and Biomass of Pakcoy Brassica rapa L.) in Wick System Hydroponic Cultivation

Dian Nita, Aminah Aminah, Hidrawati Hidrawati

Abstract


This study aimed to determine the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) concentrations on the growth of pakcoy Brassica rapa L.) cultivated hydroponically. The experiment was conducted in Toabo Village, Papalang Subdistrict, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province, from March to April 2024. The research employed a Randomized Block Design with five PGPR concentration treatments: control (no PGPR), 15 ml/L, 20 ml/L, 25 ml/L, and 30 ml/L, each replicated three times. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, edible weight, root weight, and total plant weight. The results showed that PGPR application significantly affected plant height, root weight, and total plant weight, but had no significant effect on the number of leaves and edible weight. The best treatment was obtained with 30 ml/L PGPR, yielding an average plant height of 27.83 cm, root weight of 22.06 g, and total plant weight of 76.67 g. This study recommends the application of 30 ml/L PGPR to improve the growth and yield of hydroponically grown pakcoy.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aarti, A., Sujata, S., Parmar, S., & Kumar*, A. (2024). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Their potential in sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth, 4(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.59436/jsianev4i2/270

Akhtar, T., Kumar, S., Kumar, S., & Meena, M. R. (2020). Importance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture: A Review. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika, 35(1–2). https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap200

Al-Falih, A. M. (2023). The Mechanism of PGPR on the Photosynthesis System, Plant Resistance and Biofertilizers. Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.31031/eaes.2023.11.000769

Andrade, L. A. D., Santos, C. H. B., Frezarin, E. T., Sales, L. R., & Rigobelo, E. C. (2023). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agricultural Production. Microorganisms, 11(4), 1088. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11041088

Bhandari, A., P, A., Bhanusree, M. R., Anandan, P., Pooja, K., K.Nivetha, K. N., & Kumar, K. R. (2025). Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Advanced Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Review. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 11(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2025/v11i2506

Bhardwaj, T., Khanna, K., Sharma, P., Dhiman, S., Ibrahim, M., Arora, U., Sharma, P., Sharma, I., Arora, P., Sharma, A., Kaur, R., Ahmad Mir, B., Ohri, P., & Bhardwaj, R. (2024). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Credible Tool for Sustainable Agriculture (pp. 211–250). Bentham Science. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815179699124010011

Bisht, N., & Singh Chauhan, P. (2021). Excessive and Disproportionate Use of Chemicals Cause Soil Contamination and Nutritional Stress. Intechopen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94593

Chakraborty, U., & Chakraborty, B. (2022). Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria with Multiple Beneficial Traits in Agricultural Biotechnology for Crop Improvement (pp. 131–172). Jenny Stanford. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003313144-7

Ikiz, B., Dasgan, H. Y., & Gruda, N. S. (2024). Utilizing the power of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on reducing mineral fertilizer, improved yield, and nutritional quality of Batavia lettuce in a floating culture. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1616. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51818-w

Jain, P., Gupta, A., & Chandukar, P. (2022). Sustainable Agriculture with Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6602005

Larrabee, M. M., & Nelson, L. M. (2021). The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve root function and crop nutrient use efficiency (pp. 467–492). Burleigh Dodds Science. https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0075.22

Malik, G., Chugh, S., & Madan, A. (2022). The Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Biological Tools in Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability (pp. 295–309). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_14

Maryam, M., Bhatti, A., Suleman, H., Zeshan, K., Imtiaz, M., & Batool, R. (2025). Unlocking Soil Fertility and Enhancing Plant Health: The Vital Role of PGPR. Journal of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, 6(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.56536/jbahs.v6i1.72

Mitra, D., Pellegrini, M., & Guerra-Sierra, B. E. (2024). Interaction between Plants and Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for Sustainable Development. Bacteria, 3(3), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.3390/bacteria3030009

Nagrale, D. T., Chaurasia, A., Kumar, S., Gawande, S. P., Hiremani, N. S., Shankar, R., Gokte-Narkhedkar, N., Renu, R., & Prasad, Y. G. (2023). PGPR: the treasure of multifarious beneficial microorganisms for nutrient mobilization, pest biocontrol and plant growth promotion in field crops. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(4), 100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03536-0

Prisa, D., & Jamal, A. (2025). Potential and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(10), 2025317. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025317

Purnima, P., & Singh, P. (2023). Plant Growth Promoting- Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their Potential as Biofertilizer and Biopesticide Agents: A Review. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 22(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i1431

Putra, I. G. K. P., Rai, I. N., & Wijana, G. (2022). Aplikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan Limbah Air Kolam Lele dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science, 12(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2022.v12.i02.p01

Rana, N., Ghabru, A., Chauhan, S., & Sharma, H. (2025). PGPR-Biotechnological Interventions for Improvement of Crop Plants (pp. 154–187). Crc. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003625674-7

Salman, K., & Avinash, P. S. (2025). Direct mechanism of PGPR for promoting plant growth: Current perspective. Plant Science Today. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7748

Sherly, J., Shankar, R., & Sivasakthivelan, P. (2025). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Nutrient Mobilization and Enhancing Yield and Quality of Vegetable Crops (pp. 188–206). Crc. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003625674-8

Sinha, D., Mukherjee, S., & Mahapatra, D. (2021). Multifaceted Potential of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (pp. 205–268). Igi Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.ch008

Sukul, P., Kumar, J., Rani, A., Mohamed Abdillahi, A., Balu Rakesh, R., & Harish Kumar, M. (2021). Functioning of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Mode of Actions: an Overview From Chemistry Point of View. PLANT ARCHIVES, 21(Suppliment-1), 628–634. https://doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.s1.096

Suresh, A., Sameera, P. M., Chapla, J., & Rajarao, P. (2020). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Activity in Soil (pp. 165–182). Crc. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003057819-9

Utami, D. S., Setiawati, M. R., & Simarmata, T. (2024). Synergistic and Competence of Native Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Direct Mechanism on Growth Plants: A Review. International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research, 03(02). https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/v03i2y2024-08

Vamerali, T., Panozzo, A., Visioli, G., & Dal Cortivo, C. (2021). Root–microbe Interactions Influencing Water and Nutrient Acquisition Efficiency (pp. 159–192). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119525417.ch6

Vanamala, P., Sultana, U., Sindhura, P., & Gul, M. Z. (2021). Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (pp. 332–357). Igi Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.ch012

Waller, L. P., Allen, W. J., Black, A., Condron, L., Tonkin, J. D., Tylianakis, J. M., Wakelin, A., & Dickie, I. A. (2024). Asymmetric sharing of generalist pathogens between exotic and native plants correlates with exotic impact in communities. Journal of Ecology, 112(10), 2264–2276. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14392

Zhang, F., Huang, S., Yu, X., Han, H., Li, X., Bai, C., Zhou, Y., & Bi, S. (2024). Advances in Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Function on Plant Growth Facilitation and Their Mechanisms. Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology, 12(03), 114–117. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2024.v12i03.002




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/agrogenesis.v2i1.1100

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



ISSN: 3090-2657 Published by: Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Website: fp.umi.ac.id, Official Website: umi.ac.id, Email: agrogenesis@umi.ac.id

Editorial Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Mine Land Bioremediation, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No. km.5, Panaikang, Panakkukang District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi 90231, Indonesia