Analysis of Erosion Rate Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) in Enrekang District

Nurhapisah Nurhapisah, Erwin Djamaluddin

Abstract


Rapid population growth and land-use change in tropical mountainous areas can accelerate land degradation by reducing infiltration and increasing erosion, sedimentation, and threats to agricultural productivity and downstream water infrastructure. This study estimated and mapped spatial patterns of soil loss and erosion hazard in Enrekang District (Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi) to support sustainable land management planning by integrating the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A quantitative survey from October–December 2025 covered 27,975.57 ha in 66 land units. Field surveys collected soil samples for texture, structure, organic matter, and permeability to derive soil erodibility (K) using the Wischmeier and Smith equation; LS came from DEM/SRTM processing; and land-use classes informed C and P factors based on Arsyad’s references. Rainfall erosivity (R) was computed from 10-year monthly rainfall data (2015–2024) using the Lenvain approach. GIS overlay of R, K, LS, C, and P produced erosion rates (A) and hazard classes following RTL-RLKT. Rainfall erosivity ranged from 1,158–3,044 annually, with monthly values of 22–781, lowest in August and highest in December. K was highest in Dystropepts (0.32) and lowest in Tropaquepts (0.26), but high erosion also occurred where moderate K coincided with steep slopes and inadequate conservation. Soil loss was higher in slope classes III–IV. Highest erosion occurred on dryland agriculture (up to 1,537.28 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), mixed dryland agriculture (up to 1,563.71 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and open land, while settlements were lowest.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/agrogenesis.v2i1.1249

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ISSN: 3090-2657 Published by: Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Website: fp.umi.ac.id, Official Website: umi.ac.id, Email: agrogenesis@umi.ac.id

Editorial Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Mine Land Bioremediation, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No. km.5, Panaikang, Panakkukang District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi 90231, Indonesia