EFEKTIVITAS PESTISIDA NABATI DAUN PEPAYA, SIRSAK, DAN SERAI TERHADAP HAMA ULAT GRAYAK PADA TOMAT SELENA

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a botanical pesticide produced from a mixture of papaya (Carica papaya L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) leaves in controlling armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) and its effect on the growth and yield of Selena tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experiment was conducted in Lembang Ma’dong, Dende’ Piongan Napo Sub-district, North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi (1,578 m above sea level), from June to November 2025, using a one-factor randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications (15 plots of six plants each): P0 (water control), P1 (10%), P2 (20%), P3 (30%), and P4 (40%) of the botanical pesticide, sprayed five times at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after planting (DAP). The observed variables were plant height at 14, 28, 42, and 56 DAP, pest attack intensity at 56 DAP, fruit number per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight per plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that the botanical pesticide significantly suppressed pest attack intensity; the 40% concentration reduced the intensity from 74.17% (control) to 27.58% (62.8% suppression). It also significantly increased plant height at 56 DAP (220.11 cm vs. 144.33 cm), fruit number per plant (16.34 vs. 10.89 fruits), fruit weight per plant (0.97 vs. 0.56 kg), and fruit weight per plot (7.54 vs. 2.72 kg), equivalent to 78.5 t ha-1 approaching the yield potential of the Selena variety (82–87 t ha-1). These findings indicate that the 40% concentration of the papaya–soursop–lemongrass leaf botanical pesticide is effective for controlling armyworm and improving the growth and yield of highland tomato.